2007年-2009年南昌市某区霍乱监测分析

目的:了解南昌市某区霍乱弧菌在腹泻病人、外环境水体及水产品中的检出情况。方法:选择南昌市某区为监测点,对2007年-2009年该区腹泻患者、外环境水体、水产品进行霍乱弧菌监测,监测时间为每年4月-10月。结果:共检出霍乱阳性标本18份,其中腹泻患者2份,水体5份,水产品11份。2例腹泻病人的O139血清型为产毒株,其余均为非产毒株。2例腹泻病人均为外地流行疫区输入性病例。18份阳性样本中,9份O1群稻叶型(50.00%),1份O1群小川型(5.55%),8份O139群(44.45%)。结论:该区腹泻患者、外环境水体、水产品均检出霍乱弧菌,应继续加强监测,及时发现传染源,以便积极防控。     

荧光定量PCR快速检测炭疽芽孢杆菌的实验研究

目的利用LightCycler建立一种简便、特异的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,用于炭疽芽孢杆菌的快速检测。方法采用SYBR GreenⅠ随机掺入法,利用本实验室建立的实时荧光定量PCR反应体系,根据炭疽芽孢杆菌荚膜和水肿因子设计引物,同时检测两个毒力相关质粒的存在,检测其灵敏度和特异性,并以盲测试验进行验证;在此基础上鉴定14株炭疽芽孢杆菌,并测试该法检测土壤模拟污染标本的灵敏度,实验中设置内对照以排除假阴性结果的存在。结果炭疽杆菌基因组DNA的检测灵敏度可达每反应体系0.53pg,两个克隆株提取质粒的检测限分别为每反应体系12拷贝、140拷贝;检测14株炭疽芽孢杆菌及29株非炭疽芽孢杆菌的PCR扩增结果表明,炭疽芽孢菌DNA均出现特异的扩增结果,29株对照菌的DNA均为阴性;土壤模拟污染标本检测灵敏度可达每反应体系36个芽孢;20次重复实验结果表明其平均值与标准差为14.602±0.640。结论该方法检测炭疽芽孢杆菌具有简便、快捷、灵敏度高和特异性好的特点,为临床诊断、环境监测、卫生防疫等方面,快速检出炭疽芽孢杆菌提供了有利的手段。     

炭疽高发地区土壤样本中常见芽胞杆菌的分离及鉴定

目的 通过分离鉴定炭疽可疑污染土壤样本的芽胞杆菌,评价消毒效果和了解监测地区土壤中的芽胞杆菌分布情况。 方法 采集炭疽监测点土壤样本60份,对炭疽芽胞杆菌和其他芽胞杆菌进行分离培养和聚合酶链反应扩增鉴定。 结果 在可疑污染土壤样本中未分离到炭疽芽胞杆菌;从分离到的48个单克隆菌落中扩增到33个目的片段,经测序和blast比对,确定得到地衣芽胞杆菌13株,枯草芽胞杆菌8株,短小芽胞杆菌扩增11株,蜡样芽胞杆菌扩增到1株,巨大芽胞杆菌引物和环状芽胞杆菌引物特异性不好。 结论 本研究提示该监测点炭疽疫情消毒效果可信,但需要进一步研究验证;几种芽胞杆菌在土壤中广泛存在,在炭疽监测工作中进行病原体分离时需要加以鉴别,可通过特异基因扩增来辅助检验。     

痰中结核杆菌检查方法的比较

目的分析比较痰涂片、痰培养及FQ-PCR检查结核杆菌对肺结核的诊断价值。方法痰直接涂片和浓集涂片找抗酸杆菌;痰结核杆菌培养;FQ-PCR检测痰中TB-DNA。结果浓集法较直接法阳性率有大幅提高,培养阳性率较低,FQ-PCR法敏感度最高,三种方法检测结果具有很好的相关性。结论涂片检查结核杆菌应提倡浓集法,FQ-PCR法检测TB-DNA可列入TB实验诊断的常规项目,涂片、培养及FQ-PCR同时对结核杆菌进行检测可从不同方面满足临床的需要。     

高频电离治疗仪联合局部注射卡介菌核糖核酸治疗尖锐湿疣疗效观察

目的:探讨高频电离治疗仪联合局部注射卡介菌核糖核酸治疗尖锐湿疣(CA)的方法和疗效。方法:应用高频电离治疗仪切除疣体以及局部注射卡介菌核糖核酸(BCG-PSN)等治疗手段,对156例CA患者采取随机分组治疗的临床试验。结果:156例患者随访3～6个月。治疗组痊愈51例,显效20例,无效3例,复发4例,有效率为91.03%;对照组治愈27例,显效14例,无效15例,复发22例,有效率为52.56%。结论:高频电离治疗仪联合局部注射BCG-PSN治疗尖锐湿疗效满意,值得推广。     

耐热芽孢杆菌XJT9503高温中性蛋白酶的中试发酵工艺

对耐热芽孢杆菌(Thermophilicbacillus)XJT9503保藏、菌种活化、种子培养基和发酵培养基及7,25,250,3000L发酵罐的中试发酵工艺参数进行了研究,确定了耐热芽孢杆菌XJT9503高温中性蛋白酶的中试发酵工艺.在3000L发酵罐上控制罐温为46℃、转速180r/min、通气量4L/(L·min),培养18h后发酵酶活最高达13240U/mL.     

Immunological protection induced by bacillus Calmette–Guérin treatment in a murine bladder tumor model

BACKGROUND: It has been previously reported that MBT-2 tumor growth is completely inhibited when mice are inoculated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In this study it was examined whether or not vaccination with a mixture of BCG and MBT-2 cells also induces immunological protection against murine bladder tumors. METHODS: Seven hundred thousand MBT-2 cells and 1 mg of BCG (Tokyo 172 strain) per mouse were injected subcutaneously into female C3H/HeN mice. Four and eight weeks after vaccination with this mixture, animals were reinoculated with MBT-2 cells alone or MBT-2 cells cocultured with BCG. RESULTS: Animals vaccinated with a mixture of BCG and MBT-2 cells showed MBT-2 tumor growth but completely rejected the MBT-2 cells cocultured with BCG. MBT-2 cells cocultured with BCG developed into tumors when they were inoculated into the control animals. Splenocytes prepared from vaccinated animals showed specific cytocidal activity against MBT-2 cells precultured with BCG. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a mixture of BCG and MBT-2 cells induces antitumor immunological protection against BCG- or MBT-2-associated antigens presented on MBT-2 cells precultured with BCG.     

Sufficient prophylactic efficacy with minor adverse effects by intravesical instillation of low-dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin for superficial bladder cancer recurrence

BACKGROUND: Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most efficient strategy for prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer recurrence. Adverse effects of BCG are major obstacles, but the reduction of BCG dose could minimize these effects. The efficacy and adverse effects of half-dose (40 mg) BCG, Tokyo 172 strain, were prospectively evaluated. METHODS: A total of 93 patients with superficial bladder cancer (pTa or pT1) were sequentially assigned to receive either 40 or 80 mg of BCG after transurethral resection. BCG was administered weekly for 6 weeks postoperatively. Eighty patients observed longer than 12 months after BCG therapy (41, 40 mg group; 39, 80 mg group) were analyzed. RESULTS: BCG therapy course was completed in 71 patients. Tumor recurrence was recognized in 11 of 40 patients in the 40 mg group and in 5 of 31 patients in the 80 mg group. There was no significant difference in tumor recurrence rate between the two groups (P = 0.547). BCG therapy was withdrawn in 1 patient in the 40 mg group and in 8 patients in the 80 mg-group because of BCG-related adverse effects. The morbidity of BCG-related toxicity was significantly higher in the 80 mg group. CONCLUSION: Half-dose of BCG Tokyo 172 strain had a similar efficacy and its toxicity was significantly lower compared to the standard dose. Thus, half-dose of this strain might be suitable, at least for initial BCG therapy, for the prophylaxis of bladder cancer recurrence. Further study would be necessary to clarify the efficacy of low-dose instillation in high-risk patients.     

Twelve-year follow up of a randomized prospective trial comparing bacillus Calmette-Guerin and epirubicin as adjuvant therapy in superficial bladder cancer

AIM: To compare bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) with epirubicin in adjuvant therapy of superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma, with respect to recurrence, progression and survival. Prognostic factors are also evaluated. METHODS: Between October 1991 and September 1999, all patients harboring superficial bladder cancers (Ta or T1) with any of the relevant criteria (stage>a, grade>1, size>1 cm, multiple or recurrent tumors), after complete transurethral resection were randomized to receive either 81 mg Connaught strain BCG or 50 mg epirubicin. Patients with recurrences were eligible to crossover, even repeatedly, until progression. Recurrence, progression and survival were analyzed in relation to initial treatment, patient characteristics and tumor characteristics. RESULTS: There were 209 patients included in the study, 149 men and 60 women. The mean age was 69.9 years (range, 24-92). The BCG group consisted of 102 patients and the epirubicin group contained 107 patients. Final analysis was made at a median follow up of 23, 47 and 61 months for recurrence, progression and survival, respectively. The 10-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for recurrence-free, progression-free and disease-specific survival were 61%, 78% and 80%, respectively, for the BCG group. The corresponding figures were 32%, 74% and 92%, respectively, for the epirubicin group. Time to recurrence differed significantly between two treatment groups (P=0.0004). Multiplicity increased the risk of recurrence, while grading influenced recurrence, progression and disease specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin prolonged time to recurrence when compared with epirubicin. Grading was shown to be a universal prognostic factor for recurrence, progression and disease specific survival.     

Experimental cutaneous Bacillus anthracis infections in hairless HRS/J mice

Previous studies of experimental Bacillus anthracis cutaneous infections in mice have implicated hair follicles as a likely entry site. Hairless HRS/J mice were used to investigate this possibility because of their non-functional hair follicles that lack penetrating hair shafts. These mice also have diminished macrophage function, increased susceptibility to Listeria, and enhanced neutrophil responses. HRS/J and Balb/c mice were found to be resistant to epicutaneous inoculation with Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) spores onto abraded skin when compared with DBA/2 mice or leucopenic C57BL/6 mice. The HRS/J mice also resisted spore injections that bypassed hair follicles. Haired HRS/J heterozygote mice demonstrated similar reduced susceptibility to B. anthracis spores. Hairless HRS/J mice that were made leucopenic did become susceptible to the epicutaneous spore inoculations. Histologically, the hairless and haired HRS/J mice showed markedly reduced numbers of organisms in hair follicles and the interfollicular dermis when compared even with the resistant Balb/c mice; inflammatory cell infiltrates in the superficial dermis were increased in the HRS/J mice compared with more sensitive strains. Therefore, resistance in the HRS/J mice was apparent at the initial site of epicutaneous inoculation and seemed related to an accumulation of dermal neutrophils rather than to a lack of functional hair follicles.